For a medical emergency call 999. For urgent but non-emergency medical help call NHS 111.

Allergies

An allergy happens when your immune system reacts to something that is usually harmless — for example pollen, a food, or a medicine. Most allergies are mild and can be managed with over-the-counter medicines and by avoiding the trigger. A small number cause a severe, life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis, which needs emergency treatment.

Common causes

  • Airborne triggers such as pollen, house-dust mite, mould spores and pet dander
  • Foods including nuts, milk, egg, shellfish, sesame and some fruits
  • Insect stings — most often wasp or bee
  • Medicines, most commonly antibiotics like penicillin
  • Latex and some skin contact allergens

Looking after yourself

  • Antihistamines from a pharmacy help mild symptoms like sneezing, itching and runny nose
  • A steroid nasal spray works well for hay fever if used every day through the season
  • For a known food allergy, always read labels and tell restaurants when you eat out
  • If you have been prescribed an adrenaline auto-injector (EpiPen, Jext, Emerade), always carry two

When to get medical help

Use NHS 111 online, call 111, or contact your GP if:

  • Your symptoms are affecting sleep, school or work
  • Over-the-counter treatments have not helped after two weeks
  • You think you have had a reaction to a medicine
  • You want to be tested for a suspected allergy

Call 999 or go to A&E if someone has any signs of anaphylaxis: swelling of the tongue or throat, difficulty breathing, wheeze, feeling faint, or a widespread rash appearing suddenly. If they have an adrenaline auto-injector, use it and then call 999.

Further information

This page provides general information only. It is not a diagnosis and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.